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About the project

This work results from an MSc Group project undertaken by MSc students studying at Cranfield University who, in 2017, worked with the East Anglian Environment Agency and the Regional Flood and Coastal Committees (RFCC) to develop a web-based flood protection investment analysis and visualisation toolkit.

Flooding and coastal erosion are complex natural processes that have social, economic and environmental impacts, predicted to be exacerbated by climate change and anthropogenic influences. East Anglia covers a large area of the Anglian River basin district with a long stretch of coastline; its geology combined with its exposure to rivers and sea creates areas at risk of flooding and/or coastal erosion.

Following the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, twelve Regional Flood and Coastal Committees (RFCC) were formed by the Environment Agency (EA) consisting of appointed members of the EA, Lead Local Flood Authorities (LLFA) and other experienced individuals. An RFCC’s main purpose is to ensure the coherency and efficiency of identifying, communicating and managing flood and coastal erosion risks. East Anglia’s risks are managed by the Anglian (Eastern) and the Anglian (Central) RFCC’s.

A complex spreadsheet record of current and future actions is maintained by the RFCC to support a 10-year investment planning strategy and capital programme. This format makes visualising and using the data difficult, therefore this project has explored approaches that ease data visualisation to assist the RFCC in better decision making in flood and coastal erosion risk management.

Working with the EA and other Risk Management Authorities, shortcomings in the current decision making process were identified. An online survey was undertaken by relevant stakeholders which enabled identification of a ‘web based mapping application’ to be the best form of data visualisation. The survey also highlighted the key functionalities of the web mapping application desired by the RFCC: project information; different risk areas; vulnerable areas; project funding sources; project benefit areas and; outcome measures.

A database was created to store and manage data from the spreadsheet in a manner that enabled the user to efficiently query and update the information on each project. Multiple sources of information were used to propose a clear and user friendly solution, using a combination of spatial and non-spatial data.

Presentations were given to engage with key stakeholders and gain further understanding of their requirements for the final tool. This continual feedback loop from the client contributed to an efficient design improvement iteration process and ultimately resulted in a successful end-user focused product.

A final prototype product was been created to demonstrate the powerful potential capability of a web mapping application. This web tool derives from that work, with subsequent updates and improvements. A vast quantity of data can be visualised dynamically in an easily accessible format to facilitate important decision making for flood and coastal issues. With the essential functionality now in place to support RFCC investment planning and risk assessment, the product demonstrates great potential for further development and expansion of the approach across all RFCC regions. Beyond this, there is further potential to evolve a new product for different users such as the general public or government organisation employees. A poster is available describing the initial student project:

Download the poster
Download the user guide

© Copyright, Cranfield University, 2018

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Data Dictionary


Data Layers

Name Description Data Provider
Duration of benefits (Years) The design life in years for the scheme, the number of years over which protection will be afforded by the scheme. Environment Agency
Emergency Services Emergency services sites. National Receptor Data provided by Environment Agency
Future Housing Developments Locations and size (number of houses) of planned housing developments across Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire Environment Agency
Growth Locations and size (by number of houses) of planned housing developments across Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. Environment Agency
Historic Flooding Maximum extent of all individual Recorded Flood Outlines from river, the sea and groundwater springs and shows areas of land that have previously been subject to flooding. Records began in 1946. Environment Agency
Housing Density Residential heat map (number of houses within a 3km radius). National Receptor Data provided by Environment Agency
Hospitals Hospital sites. National Receptor Data provided by Environment Agency
Military Sites Military sites. National Receptor Data provided by Environment Agency
Projects by length Projects by location and programme type (6 year or 10 year programme) Environment Agency
Projects by source Projects by location and risk source Environment Agency
PV Benefit/Cost ratio PV Whole Life Benefits/ PV Whole Life Costs (Benefit / Cost Ratio). Environment Agency
RFCC Regions Districts within the RFCC. Open Source Data
Risk of Flooding (River and Sea) - ROFRS (4b) Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea: High - each year, there is a chance of flooding of greater than 1 in 30 (3.3%). Medium - each year, there is a chance of flooding of between 1 in 30 (3.3%) and 1 in 100 (1%). Low - each year, there is a chance of flooding of between 1 in 100 (1%) and 1 in 1000 (0.1%). Very Low - each year, there is a chance of flooding of less than 1 in 1000 (0.1%). NAFRA via Environment Agency
Site of Special Scientific Interest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. Open Source data
Total Project Expenditure Projects by location and total project expenditure amount. Environment Agency

Funding abbreviations

Name Description
GIA A grant-in-aid is money coming from central government for a specific project.
IDB Precept (IDBP) A local income raised from Internal Drainage Boards, with the rate generally set locally at RFCC level. It must be spent in the financial year it is raised and contributes towards Environment Agency FCRM activities within the river catchment.
Local Levy A local income raised by each RFCC to fund FCERM activities within the region that are a local priority and to support Partnership Funding projects by attracting FCRM GiA. The Local Levy required is discussed by the RFCC annually in January and voted on by Local Authority members only. The total agreed levy needed is raised from all LLFAs within the RFCC boundary and is proportioned across them based on the equivalent number of band D council tax properties that each LLFA has in the RFCC’s area. This means that where Local Authority boundaries cross RFCC boundaries they may pay different rates of levy to different RFCCs. Local Levies do not have to be spent in the year they are raised as balances can be carried forward.
Outcome Measures (OMs) A suite of performance measures specifically related to managing flood and erosion risk. They replaced the priority score system and are used to assess the benefits of projects. They help prioritise the programme of works from all Risk Management Authorities and OM1 to OM4 are used as part of the Partnership Funding score to calculate the FCRM GiA available to a project. Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management have targets set for each OM. These are listed below:
Cost Benefit Ratio (CBR) The ratio of benefits to costs that a project delivers. To ensure consistency in all schemes this is calculated over the whole life of the project (i.e. including the design, build, operation, maintenance and expected refurbishments). To mitigate for inflation, these figures are discounted to ‘today’s’ price. This is applied to both costs and benefits and called Present Value whole life. A simple way to think about it, if we had all the money up front, how much would we need in the bank, allowing for interest on the account, so that we had a balance of £0 when the asset reached the end of its life. At a national programme level we aim for a minimum of 5:1, however, for the last CSR period we achieved a programme ratio of 8:1.
OM2 The number of households moved out of any flood probability category to a lower probability category (see flood risk categories).
OM2b The number of households moved from the very significant or significant probability category to the moderate or low probability category (see flood risk categories). In this case the 1:75 year (1.33% probability of flooding in any particular year) is the threshold.
OM2c The number of households in the 20% most deprived areas moved out of the significant or very significant probability categories to the moderate or low probability category (OM2b). Therefore they are less likely to experience difficulties in arranging mortgages or insurance.
OM3 The number of households with reduced risk of coastal erosion. Therefore they are less likely to experience difficulties in arranging mortgages or insurance.
OM3b The number of households protected against loss in 20 years from coastal erosion. Therefore they are less likely to experience difficulties in arranging mortgages or insurance.
OM3c The number of households in the 20% most deprived areas protected against loss in 20 years from coastal erosion. Therefore they are less likely to experience difficulties in arranging mortgages or insurance.
OM4a Hectares of water dependent habitat created or improved to help meet the objectives of Water Framework Directive. Remedies to improve condition of Sites of Special Scientific Interest and measures needed for water bodies to achieve good ecological status/potential, meeting our statutory obligations under both the Countryside and Rights of Way Act and WFD.
OM4b Hectares of intertidal habitat created to help meet the objectives of the Water Framework Directive for areas protected under the EU Habitats / Birds Directive. New habitat is created to offset habitat being lost to coastal squeeze.
OM4c Kilometres of rivers protected under the EU Habitats/Birds Directive improved to help meet the objectives of the Water Framework Directive. FCRM actions to restore rivers designated as special areas of conservation.
Partnership Funding score (PF Score) Based on the outcomes a project is expected to deliver, a maximum amount of FCRM GiA is calculated. The score is calculated based on the outcome measures benefit divide by funding, expressed as a percentage. A project needs a minimum score of 100% to be considered for FCRM GiA. However, in many cases the raw score (base purely on its outcomes) will be below this threshold. In these cases the project will either need to increase the outcomes it delivers so that FCRM GiA could fund the whole scheme, reduce the costs of the scheme (i.e. a cheaper way of delivering) or increase contributions from other sources. This will then give an adjusted score, called the Partnership Funding Score. That is also used to prioritise both nationally and locally by RFCCs. A score of 100% will not guarantee funding of a scheme as there is a finite amount of GiA available, but the higher the score the more likely it is to secure GiA. The RFCC can use Local levy as a contribution to schemes and therefore improve the PF score.
Standard of Protection The probability of flooding expressed as either a return period (i.e. 1 in 75 years, or 1:75 years) or as a percentage (1.33%) chance per year. The calculation is 1 divided by the return period multiplied by 100 (1/75*100=1.33%). If we maintain the Standard of Service then we accept that the standard of protection will reduce in time as the effects of climate change become apparent.

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Contact

This project was originally designed and built by MSc students at Cranfield University, as part of their MSc Group Project. The students were: Juan Gallego-Zamorano; Stephen Hayward; Nicolas Honvault; Annalisa Iob; Vaclav Pflanzer; and Katie Plumridge.

The website resource is now administered by the staff of Cranfield University's Centre for Environmental & Agricultural Informatics. To provide any feedback or comment about this website, please contact:

Tim Brewer, Director of Education, Environment Programme Director, Senior Lecturer in Resource Survey.
t.brewer@cranfield.ac.uk | Tel. 01234 750111 x2752

Stephen Hallett, Associate Professor in Environmental Informatics.
s.hallett@cranfield.ac.uk | Tel. 01234 750111 x2750

Ian Truckell, Spatial Systems Analyst.
i.g.truckell@cranfield.ac.uk | Tel. 01234 750111 x2741

© Copyright, Cranfield University, 2018

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2018-19 Consented FCRM Capital Programme - Project Information

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